This is a test abstract for checking special-character support in the OJS submission system.

This is a test abstract for checking special-character support in the OJS submission system. The text intentionally includes different characters and Unicode symbols: χ² ≥ ≤ = à á â ä ã å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ñ ò ó ô ö õ ø ù ú û ü ý ÿ, À Á Â Ä Ã Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Ö Õ Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý. It also includes Greek characters such as α β γ δ ε θ λ μ π σ φ Ω, mathematical symbols such as ± × ÷ ≠ ≤ ≥ ≈ ∑ √ ∞ ∂ ∆ ∇, and arrows such as ← → ↑ ↓ ↔ ⇒ ⇔. Other symbols include © ® ™ € £ ¥ ₹ $ ¢ ₩, § ¶ † ‡ • … ‰, and fractions such as ½ ¼ ¾. The test also includes punctuation and quotation marks: “double quotes”, ‘single quotes’, «French quotes», „German quotes“, — em dash, – en dash, hyphen - underscore _, slash /, backslash , parentheses ( ), brackets [ ], braces { }, angle brackets < >, colon :, semicolon ;, comma ,, period ., question mark ?, exclamation mark !, apostrophe ', and quotation marks " ". Unicode characters from different writing systems are also included: हिंदी, ગુજરાતી, বাংলা, தமிழ், తెలుగు, मराठी, العربية, فارسی, 中文, 日本語, 한국어, Ελληνικά, Русский, and Español. Emoji and miscellaneous symbols are included for testing: 😀 😃 🚀 🔬 📚 ✓ ✔ ✗ ⚠ ★ ☆ ♥. The purpose of this test is to determine whether the OJS submission system correctly accepts, stores, displays, and retrieves special characters without producing encoding errors, replacing characters with question marks (?), displaying corrupted text, or removing unsupported characters. The same content should be checked after submission, during editorial review, on the article metadata page, and after publication.